This issue is related to the Client Metadata cache but not to the "Language Cache Refresh".

Language cache refresh is working as expected and updates the database values correctly once you run the "Language Cache Refresh".

This issue can be sorted once the client metadata cache is invalidated. To do that you can follow the below options,

Option 1:
Running the below Metadata cache clear URLs.

Clear client metadata cache
/main/ifsapplications/web/server/clearmetadatacache?CLIENT

Clear client metadata cache for a specific client
/main/ifsapplications/web/server/clearmetadatacache?CLIENT&FILTER=<client name>

Clear client metadata cache based on context/scope (all)
This will give same result as ../clearmetadatacache?CLIENT
/main/ifsapplications/web/server/clearmetadatacache?SCOPE

Clear client metadata cache for a specific context/scope
/main/ifsapplications/web/server/clearmetadatacache?SCOPE&FILTER=<scope id>

Clear the context mappings cache
/main/ifsapplications/web/server/clearmetadatacache?CACHE=SCOPEMAPPINGS

Clear all cashes related to client metadata cache.
- Client metadata cache
- Context mappings cache
- User groups cache
/main/ifsapplications/web/server/clearmetadatacache?ALL

NOTE: Please configure the URL to reflect your environment.

Option 2:
By adding a JavaScript Bookmarklet to your browser (Chrome, Safari, Firefox).

This is the easiest way to run this Metadata cache clear. What you need to simply do is add a new bookmark and for the URL of the bookmark you need to enter the below JavaScript code.

javascript: var match= window.location.href.match(/\/ifsapplications\/web\/(page|assistant)\/(\w+)\//); if(match != null && match.length === 3){    var client = matchm2];    alert('Metadata layout cache is cleared for: ' + client);    window.location.href = '/main/ifsapplications/web/server/clearmetadatacache?CACHE=CLIENT&FILTER=%27 + client; } else{    alert(%27Current url location is not a page or assistant that a client can be extracted from%27); }

Once you add a Bookmarklet, it will be displayed as below,

Now if you want to clear the Client Metadata cache, just click on it. 

This will clear the Client Metadata cache and you will be able to see the changed/modified translations.